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Layer 4 vs Layer 7 load balancing, health checks, consistent hashing, and high availability.
Layer 4 operates at the transport layer (TCP/UDP); Layer 7 operates at the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS).
L4 is fast with zero packet inspection. L7 allows smart routing based on URL paths, cookies, and HTTP headers.
Round Robin, Weighted Round Robin, Least Connections, IP Hash, and Consistent Hashing.
Consistent Hashing minimizes key movement when servers join or leave the pool, making it essential for cache node clusters.
Top FAANG and tier-1 system design interview questions.
How do you prevent a Load Balancer from becoming a Single Point of Failure?
Deploy active-passive or active-active load balancer pairs using Virtual IP addresses (VIP) managed via VRRP (Keepalived) or DNS Anycast.